Business Driven Information Systems Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Driven Information Systems - Term Paper Example It is in this regard that the university is mandated to improve is business strategy within the education sector so that it becomes a leader in higher education and academic research within California. The power of the buyer is a business environmental force which must be highly regarded by the University of La Verne. This means that for the university to achieve its mission, it must provide the users of its educational and research services with the highest quality and effective delivery processes. Supplier power is another force within a competitive business environment which the management of the University of La Verne must consider significant for its success. This means that the vendors of its educational and research materials and equipment must be treated with utmost respect and professionalism so that they would remain loyal suppliers to the university. The threat of substitutes is described by Porter as the alternative services or products that would make an organization to fail achieving its competitive advantage and therefore its purpose (Roy, 2009). The substitutes to the educational services and research within California and other parts of the world are limited which means that the university will remain competitive in the higher education sector within California. ... Therefore students, administrators, the management and lecturers of the university must be content with the various IT applications as the most effective approach through which their work activities are improved for increased performance. This measurement can be achieved through surveys or interviews and questionnaires which are aimed at determining the user satisfaction of the IT applications. If the users or members of the university community demonstrate dissatisfaction with the IT applications, them it means that the adoption and implementation of technology within the university is not a success. The effectiveness and success of information and communication technology within the University of La Verne can also be assessed and evaluated in line with its compatibility with the educational pedagogy or approach that is used within the university. Information technology cannot be effective if it does not support the teaching methods and learning strategies of an institution (Alter, 2008). The University of La Verne employs a scientific pedagogy in training and research. This methodology in the university is demonstrated by the fact that the learning processes are aimed at allowing students to have a practical application of the skills and knowledge that they acquire in solving real life problems. In addition, the research within the university is designed to provide solutions to the problems that face various industry operations. This means that the technology and various software applications must support the scientific pedagogy of training for them to be defined as effective. The IT processes within the University of La Verne which needs to be enhanced include online communication through information technology within the institution and with the

Era of Good Feelings Essay Example for Free

Era of Good Feelings Essay An Era of Good Feeings is unity within a country, a stable government, beneficial or good foreign policy, and more. It shows how a country or region is in a good time period in regards to politics, economics, and social factors. The time period after the War of 1812 is often labeled the Era of Good Feelings due to nationalism. The government along with the people encouraged and maintained unity and stabilization within the country. There are many examples of nationalism that support that the time period after the War of 1812 was an era of good feelings. One example was the construction of canals and roads (Doc. B). The construction of roads and canals lead to more communication in regards to spreading news and informing one another about whats going on in society. Furthermore, they lead to easier transportation. With roads and canals people were able to travel much easier and interact with one another more. An example of a canal that was built was the Erie Canal, the Erie Canal allowed goods to transfer from city to city in a much more efficient way. Another example of nationalism was the slave revolt (Doc. G). A former slave by the name of Denmark Vesey decided to plan a slave revolt after becoming free from his owner. Thousands of blacks were involve with the plan by overthrowing their owners by killing them. He eventually was set out to be hung once the whole massacre was over with. This is an example of nationalism because it shows how equality was being fought by black citizens. They were revolting to show how they think that they should be treated exactly how the whites were treated instead of being mistaken as servants. Lastly, another example of nationalism was the Monroe Doctrine (Doc. H). The Monroe Doctrine stated that European nations should not and can not interfere with affairs of the Western Hemisphere. In other words it was telling Europeans to back off and leave the United States alone. This is an example of nationalism because it shows how the Unites States was taking a stand for themselves and showing European power that they were not going to tolerate anyone stepping ove r them since they ultimately knew themselves that they had power which meant they were a force to be reckoned with. These are some of many examples of nationalism that support that the time period after the War of 1812 was an Era of Good Feelings. Many can argue that the time period following the War of 1812 was an Era of Good Feelings in result of nationalism. One example of  nationalism that support the statement are the roads and canals. Furthermore, another example was the slave revolt that was lead by Denmark Vesey. Lastly, another example was the signing of the Monroe Doctrine. Nationalism within the United States positively affected the country by leading them to maintain and further expand their country over the years.

Humanity Exposed in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essays

Humanity Exposed in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn People are the picture of contrast, sometimes strong and heroic and other times weak and lamentable. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain illustrates both the good and the disagreeable portions of human nature. The good side of humanity is shown through his depiction of peoples' courage. The irrationality of mankind is exposed through the actions of characters in the novel. The unproductive self-serving attitude of many people is also shown in Huck Finn. The benign and malevolent faces of humankind are shown through people's courageousness, senselessness, and selfishness. Mark Twain displays good in humanity through depictions of courage in the characters of Huck Finn and Jim. Huck Finn was certainly one of the bravest characters in the book to have faced all of his adventures. When he and Jim happened upon a crashed steamboat, "The Walter Scott", and discovered a ruthless band of cutthroats, Huck had the courage to try and stop them. Huck said, "But if we [Huck and Jim] find their boat we can put all of 'em [the cutthroats] in a bad fix-for the Sheriff 'll get 'em" (Twain 90). Huck had the fearlessness to risk his own life to bring several murderous criminals to justice. The character Huckleberry Finn displayed the human virtue of heroism when he decided to free Jim from the clutches of the Phelps family. Although he thought it would cost him his soul, Huck had the courage to follow his heart in freeing Jim as summed up by his thought, "All right, then, I'll go to hell"(Twain 273). Twains other main character besides Huck Finn is a runawa y slave. This slave, Jim, exemplified true courage. When Jim decided t... ..., I reckon we'd come to consider him our [King and Duke's] nigger; yes, we did consider him so-goodness knows we had trouble enough for him"(Twain 275), shows that they will not help any one without getting something in return, and that they did not view Jim as a person to respect. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain illustrates several traits that are common in mankind. Among these traits are those that are listed in this essay. Through characters in the story Twain shows humanity's innate courageousness. He demonstrates that individuals many times lack the ability to reason well. Also, Twain displays the selfishness pervasive in society. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, many aspects of the human race are depicted, and it is for this reason that this story has been, and will remain, a classic for the ages. Humanity Exposed in Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essays Humanity Exposed in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn People are the picture of contrast, sometimes strong and heroic and other times weak and lamentable. In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain illustrates both the good and the disagreeable portions of human nature. The good side of humanity is shown through his depiction of peoples' courage. The irrationality of mankind is exposed through the actions of characters in the novel. The unproductive self-serving attitude of many people is also shown in Huck Finn. The benign and malevolent faces of humankind are shown through people's courageousness, senselessness, and selfishness. Mark Twain displays good in humanity through depictions of courage in the characters of Huck Finn and Jim. Huck Finn was certainly one of the bravest characters in the book to have faced all of his adventures. When he and Jim happened upon a crashed steamboat, "The Walter Scott", and discovered a ruthless band of cutthroats, Huck had the courage to try and stop them. Huck said, "But if we [Huck and Jim] find their boat we can put all of 'em [the cutthroats] in a bad fix-for the Sheriff 'll get 'em" (Twain 90). Huck had the fearlessness to risk his own life to bring several murderous criminals to justice. The character Huckleberry Finn displayed the human virtue of heroism when he decided to free Jim from the clutches of the Phelps family. Although he thought it would cost him his soul, Huck had the courage to follow his heart in freeing Jim as summed up by his thought, "All right, then, I'll go to hell"(Twain 273). Twains other main character besides Huck Finn is a runawa y slave. This slave, Jim, exemplified true courage. When Jim decided t... ..., I reckon we'd come to consider him our [King and Duke's] nigger; yes, we did consider him so-goodness knows we had trouble enough for him"(Twain 275), shows that they will not help any one without getting something in return, and that they did not view Jim as a person to respect. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain illustrates several traits that are common in mankind. Among these traits are those that are listed in this essay. Through characters in the story Twain shows humanity's innate courageousness. He demonstrates that individuals many times lack the ability to reason well. Also, Twain displays the selfishness pervasive in society. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, many aspects of the human race are depicted, and it is for this reason that this story has been, and will remain, a classic for the ages.

The Godfather: Michael Vs. Sonny Essay -- essays research papers

The Godfather: Michael Vs. Sonny   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At a first glance Michael and Sonny appear to be quite different. Upon further observation, however, they have some similarities. Although they are different in areas of personality, values, and their tempers, they are similar in areas of loyalty, their respect for their father, and their strong family ties.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their personalities are quite different. Sonny is brash and arrogant, where Michael is calm and cool. When Don Corleone was in the hospital and Sonny is in charge, the family got kind of careless. He doesn't seem to care what could happen due to his actions. He wants to kill the police captain and doesn't think about the repercussions. Tom has to tell him that it wouldn't be good to kill a cop, but they end up doing it anyway. I think Michael was pushed into it because of his loyalty to the family. He is more calculating in manner. Near the end when he â€Å"takes care of all the family business† on the day of the Baptism is a prime example of this. Because he was this way, the objects of his violence had no idea that it was coming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Their values are another way that they differ. Michael is a man of honor. He doesn't run around having affairs with different women. He only marries twice because his first wife was killed in the explosion. Sonny is an adulterer. He is with another women during his sisters wedding, along with a few other times throughout t...

Pitt Street in Sydney and Bourke Street Mall in Melbourne Essay

Apart from Zara, Inditex also owns international labels Pull & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarious, Oysho, Zara Home and Uterqà ¼e. The formula for Zara is simple: latest catwalk trends reproduced, plus new stocks delivered to stores in fewer than 15 days, plus giggle-inducing prices, equates to global success. â€Å"Our decision to come to Australia now is based on two main reasons. Firstly, our operations are at that capability level of supplying to a country like Australia, which is quite far away from our headquarters in Spain. With new stocks needing to be sent every two weeks, we had to be absolutely sure we could handle this new amount of orders. â€Å"Secondly, we were waiting for the right locations to become available, and now we [have] found two excellent spots in Sydney and Melbourne and were happy to launch into Australia.† Fleur Madden-Topley, managing director of PR agencies Red and Blue by Red, feels that Australian consumers have also created the demand for the brand’s entrance onto our shores Touted as one of the world’s most successful logistics operations by the Harvard Business Review, the production line is executed like clockwork, where lorries move in and out on schedule to ensure each store gets its fortnightly update of stocks right on time. Echevarria oversees all international marketing activities and media relationships, engaging assistance from a local public relations firm only during momentous occasions like new store openings. Zara’s closest competitors, such as Swedish label H&M, the UK’s Top Shop and the US’s Gap, spend typically three to five percent of annual revenues on advertising campaigns, and have a penchant for involving celebrities, either in their advertising or their product lines. Top Shop has its sought after Kate Moss collection, while H&M has limited pieces designed by the likes of Madonna and Kylie Minogue. Gap is well-known for attracting star names, such as Lucy Liu, Jennifer Aniston and John Mayer, to appear in its advertisements. Our store locations and window fronts are our biggest form of advertising Zara tailors its products to each city â€Å"Zara has effectively utilised word of mouth, or strategic public relations, in building and maintaining its brand. So while rivals outsource to Asia, Zara makes its most fashionable items — half of all its merchandise — at a dozen company-owned factories in Spain. Clothes with a longer shelf life, such as basic T-shirts, are outsourced to low-cost suppliers, mainly in Asia and Turkey. Zara’s nerve center is an 11,000-square-foot hall at its headquarters in Arteixo, a town of 25,000 in Galicia. That’s where hundreds of twentysomething designers, buyers, and production planners work in tightly synchronized teams. It is there that the company does all of its design and distribution and half of its production. The concentrated activity enables it to move a dress, blouse, or coat from drawing board to shop floor in just two weeks — less than a quarter of the industry average. Inditex says it works with unions and other organizations â€Å"to have the most respectful supply chain† and audits all of its partners every year, but like most major fashion companies that outsource the manufacturing of their clothes, it has received its share of complaints about factory conditions

How to Get an A 15 Must-Ask Questions Before Finals

How to Get an A 15 Must-Ask Questions Before Finals Finals have always been your nightmare? Now they are almost here, and you can’t afford to show up unprepared. Even if you’ve been studying like crazy, the stress and busyness of finals week can make it a tricky time. And you want to be prepared for anything that can happen, right? You have to be informed about everything from the location and time of exam to the type of questions, so that you dont take it too serious or not serious enough. That’s why it’s important to ask these vital 15 questions. They’re guaranteed to keep you from feeling confused and caught on the hop on the big day. 1. Will it be an open-book test? You don’t want to waste your time memorizing facts that you can simply look up in your textbook. Still, using a book in the wrong course can get you an F for cheating. Ask this up front to save your skin. 2. Can we bring notes? Like with the book, it’s wise to know if you can use study aids on your final. Also, it’s good to know how many notes you can have (like one page or 35 card). That way, you can spend time writing enough to get all your info onto a paper that won’t get you in trouble. 3. Is it a paper or online final test? Especially in a hybrid or online course, it’s vital to know whether your final will be online or in print. Often, courses will have both, and you don’t want to miss an entire section just because you didn’t know about it. How much of the overall grade does it count for? At the beginning of the course, your professor probably went over how much the final is worth in regards to your overall grade. Ask the question again. Sometimes, the weight of a final will change depending on how the class is progressing. 5. How much of the test is based on the lecture material? If you are in a course where there is a huge lecture component, it’s good to know how much will be lecture-based and how much will be directly from the book. That way you can focus your study where it will be most effective. 6. What is the structure of the test? In addition to how much will be based on lecture, you need to know the structure of the final exam. Is it true/false? Multiple choice? Multiple-multiple choice? Will there be an essay component? Then, look up test strategies for that particular test structure. 7. Will there be some extra-credit questions? It’s always good to know how many extra points you can earn if you happen to screw up. Every little bit helps. 8. Are there alternative testing methods? If you are a student who has test anxiety, problems with comprehension, or any other documented testing issue, you need to advocate for yourself and ask for an alternative assignment. A good professor will have an option that will allow you to be successful no matter what your circumstances. 9. Will the final exam include a practical element? Some courses – like nursing, foreign language, or laboratory science – might have a practical element or lab component. Make sure you know that ahead of time so that you are prepared interact on test day. 10. How much time will we have for the test? It’s always good to know how much time and how many questions are on the test. That way, you can gauge your progress and track how long you spend on each section. It’s the best way to ensure you complete the whole thing. 11. Will there be a retest? Although some professors have a high-stakes mentality (â€Å"One strike, you’re out†), many professors have an option to retake the test if you do poorly. Know this ahead of time so that you can plan accordingly. If you feel that the first attempt wont be successful, dont panic and find out more ways on how to live through finals to improve your chance to get high scores. 12. How will the test be graded? Will your professor be grading on a curve? Will certain questions be given more weight than others? Try to get the grading rubric ahead of time so that you can make sure your answers (especially essay answers) meet all the criteria of an A+ final. 13. Is there a practice test available? Preparation is the name of the game. If there are practice questions or a full-on practice final you can take, get that information now. You’ll be able to see your weaknesses right away and really focus your studying on what you need to learn. 14. What supplies do I need to bring? Some professors will have all the supplies you need on the day of the test. Others may ask you to bring pencils, â€Å"little blue books,† or calculators. Take it from the pros – you don’t want to be the one student who shows up to the calculus final without a graphic calculator. 15. What are the rules for the test day? For every teacher and course, there will be slightly different variations. Some teachers have rules about the spacing of the desks. Others say it’s okay to work in teams to finish the final. Whatever the individual rules in your classroom, make sure you know them so that you don’t break them. Any questions? Go ahead, comment below!

Tactical mistake - Emphasis

Tactical mistake Tactical mistake Weve all done it: accidentally substituted a similar-sounding but actually entirely different word for the one we meant to write. And while no-one wants to be the person who does it (it could seriously undermine your credibility), for humours sake, were probably all secretly glad it happens occasionally. Take one of the features of a 9 LED Eurohike aluminium torch (offered at an unmissable price with a recent purchase at Millets). Listed between heavy duty aluminium construction and 3 x AAA batteries included we find tactical on/off switch. Now that sounds fancy, doesnt it? But really, whenever any of us make that strategic reach for the on/off switch, with the cunning plan of being able to see where we are going, arent we all tacticians in our own right? Or could this simple, moulded, soft-rubber switch actually be better described as tactile? But then, this is a dangerous game to start.

How John Portrays the Role of the Holy Spirit in the Lives of Chnristians

How John Portrays the Role of the Holy Spirit in the Lives of Chnristians Introduction The book of First John has received relatively less attention from biblical scholars compared to other sections of the gospel. Part of this diminished attention stems from the ambiguity regarding the role of the Holy Spirit in the book of First John. Here, critics often say the book of John undermines the prominence and role of the Holy Spirit in Christians’ lives. For example, Nissen argues that the gospel speaks little of the Holy Spirit and does not portray it as a key theme.1Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How John Portrays the Role of the Holy Spirit in the Lives of Chnristians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fears are rife that, from the abstract understanding of the portrayal of the Holy Spirit in the gospel of John, many people will understand it as a lower case issue, hence refer to it as the â€Å"spirit,† as opposed to â€Å"holy spirit.† Although such fears are rife, the true question that arises in this analysis is if the book according to John de-emphasizes the prominence of the Holy Spirit. This paper shows that this belief is false because the apostle firmly entrenches the Holy Spirit in the life of Christians and believers alike. To affirm this claim, this paper draws a connection between the Holy Spirit and Christ. It also shows that the Holy Spirit is central to the rebirth of Christians (baptism) and helps them to live according to the word of God. The importance of this investigation stems from a careful consideration of the critical role that the Holy Spirit plays in the spiritual nourishment of Christians. Moreover, The apostle John emphasizes the importance of the holy spirit in his biblical teachings. Therefore, contrary to the opinion of some observers, this paper argues that the book of John shows that the Holy Spirit is critical to the nourishment of Christians’ lives. The Background Some biblical scholars believe t hat some people have misrepresented the role of the Holy Spirit in the book of John because of its ambiguous depiction in the gospel.2 In fact, their views show that most of these misrepresentations have brought a cessation from the orthodox view of the same issue. The secessionist group that has promoted this view has merged into a larger movement known as â€Å"second century Gnosticism.†3 This view largely explains the departure of the heretics (2:19) because they believed they were the sole confidants of the true recipients and guardians of the spiritual truth, which was supposed to explain the role of the Holy Spirit. In line with this view, the Apostle John draws a connection between his teachings with the true anointing. In the same breadth, he warns believers against false prophets who may purport to be preaching the word of God. Based on these highlights, we find that the main conflict regarding the portrayal of the role of the Holy Spirit emerged from John’s pneumatological community. The apostle combats this issue on two fronts. First, he explains the important role of the Holy Spirit on Christ’s life on earth. He did so because some people considered Jesus’ life to lack salvific importance.4 Relative to this view, the Holy Spirit bears witness to the historical Jesus.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This reference is particularly associated with the baptism and resurrection of Christ. Besides showing the important role of the Holy Spirit in Jesus’ life, John also shows the role of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer. Relative to this assertion he says a true believer cannot benefit from the fruits of salvation without the power of the Holy Spirit. Secondly, he claims that, without the Holy Spirit, a true believer would not distinguish truth from error, or live in truth in the firs t place. These issues are the true highlights of authentic Pneumatology that characterized the gospel according to John. Connection between the Spirit and Christ According to Kostenberg, John compares the spirit with the earthly life of Jesus Christ and his sacrificial death for the sins of humanity.5 He drew this comparison because the heretics did not consider the life of Jesus to be significant for salvation and daily experience. In verse 5: 6-8, the apostle John called on all people to heed to the word of God because of his saving work on the cross.6 Some verses are difficult to interpret in this form.7 Particularly, 1John 5:6 highlights the difficulty in understanding this message. There are three main viewpoints here. The first stems from the view of the blood and water, which symbolizes Christ’s crucifixion and the last supper. The main message in this verse is the importance of Christ’s death as a sacrifice for humanity. The events that follow his death are sim ilarly important because John does not pretend to defend the ordnances; instead; he attempts to anchor the resurrection of Jesus Christ into history. Stated differently, he is defending the incarnation of Jesus indirectly. The second view comes from the same verse (19:34-35) where the scriptures refer to the blood and water that poured out of Jesus’ body during his crucifixion.8 The premise for this verse is the defense of Christ’s crucifixion, especially for those who would still deny him after his death. In this regard, John is arguing that the crucifixion of Christ is the main redemption in the life of a believer and not the baptism of Jesus Christ. However, as Nissen observes, there are fundamental problems with this analysis.9 First, the representation of the water is three fold. In the first instance, the water refers to Christ’s baptism by water. The death of Jesus Christ and the blood he poured for sinners outline the second representation of the water. Here John draws a close relation between the blood shed for the sinners and the water associated with his baptism and resurrection. The last manifestation differentiates water and blood by showing that blood symbolized Christ’s death (crucifixion) and water symbolized his baptism.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How John Portrays the Role of the Holy Spirit in the Lives of Chnristians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Based on these assessments, the apostle John is defending a few important truths. The first is that Jesus Christ is the same divine Christ and the Holy Spirit. In this regard, he does not support the ontological separation of the two. John supports a second truth, which suggests that the same person whom he baptized is also the same person who died on the cross. The acceptance of Jesus Christ emerged through his defeat of death and the fulfillment of his purpose of earth. This glorificat ion occurred after his death and resurrection. This understanding contradicts the view of some people who believe that Christ came upon the â€Å"human Jesus† after his baptism and departed his human self after his death. However, John shows that the Holy Spirit bears the historicity of these events because when combined with the testimony of the Holy Spirit, there is little contention that Jesus and the son of God (Christ) are the same. The Holy Spirit and the Life of the Believer In the book of John, the apostle rejects the views of the heretics by saying that the Holy Spirit is an integral part of the life of a believer.10 Particularly, he draws attention to the role of the Holy Spirit in four aspects of a Christian’s life. The first part is the rebirth of a Christian. The second part is in assuring believers of the promise of an eternal life. The third and fourth parts involve helping believers to remain in the truth and in the discernment of truth and error. The f ollowing sections outline the role of the Holy Spirit in these four parts of a Christian’s life. The Spirit and the New Birth The book of John portrays the Holy Spirit as an agent of the new birth. Similarly, it portrays it as the epitome of the new birth. However, these depictions are not apparent in the scriptures. For example, they are not apparent in First John 3:9. Some readers have singled out this verse for its difficulty in interpretation.11 However, the work of God and his purpose for human beings stems from people’s understanding that they have to live according to his word. Similarly, it emerges in reference to the â€Å"seed.† An extrapolation of the verse reads, â€Å"Everyone who is born of God does not commit sin because his seed abides in him, and he is not able to sin because of God he is born.†12 From this verse, clearly, John argues that, â€Å"born of seed† and â€Å"born of God† are similar. Nonetheless, this similarity has not been apparent to many people because the term, â€Å"seed† has been contentious for many people. However, many people interpret the seed to mean the word of God. To support this view, it is crucial to look outside the book of John and investigate what other books in the bible speak of the subject.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, the book of James and Peter speak of this issue. Nonetheless, Mills says these passages fail to associate the â€Å"seed† with the begetting of the Christian.13 Mill views the seed as the Holy Spirit, because he says John’s original readers would easily identify it with the foundational born of God passage.14 This view is borrowed from (John 1:12; 3:3–6). In John 3:5, it is difficult to miss the link between the phrase â€Å"born of God† and the holy spirit. Based on this understanding, the apostle John projects the Holy Spirit at the start of the Christian experience. The idea behind this assertion is the understanding that the Holy Spirit gives life. Here, the flesh profits from nothing. Therefore, people should understand the regeneration of God’s children in connection with the Holy Spirit. This understanding reinforces the view that the spirit is the seed. To support this assertion, Mill suggests, â€Å"†¦The immediate conte xt suggests that the seed†¦is simply a part of John’s now familiar divine birth terminology: (2 times in 3:9). Divine birth employing God’s seed echoes John 3:3ff., where such birth is also discussed in terms of the Spirit. Therefore, the seed in 1 John 3:9 is a symbol of the Spirit in a crude though legitimate application of the regeneration metaphor.†15 Besides the above-mentioned uses of the word â€Å"seed,† John does not use it in other places within his scriptures. However, it carries an important idea – reproduction. Its paternal characteristics stem from the portrayals of God as the Father of all children of God. In this regard, belivers are encouraged to live in the likeness of God. Moreover, the scriptures show that the â€Å"seed† is the true beginning of the believer’s transformation. This statement speaks of the believer’s fellowship and union with the father. Through this relationship, they enjoy the benefits of eternal life. Mills adds, â€Å"The imagery of begetting is the corollary of the Johannine emphasis on the Christian’s possessing God’s eternal life, an image carried to the point of speaking of God’s seed.† 16 The power of regeneration as depicted in the role of the Holy Spirit also manifests in two contexts that underlie the concept of rebirth. The first context is the distinction between righteousness and love because this is what the scripture uses to distinguish the children of God from the children of the devil. The virtues of righteousness and love manifests in 5:11-12. Subsequent verses also emphasize it. When referring to the concept of righteousness and love, John still refutes the views of the heretics who argued that righteousness and love were not important tenets of the spiritual life. This is why in the book of John, the apostle claims that God will not consider anyone who is unrighteous and possesses hate as a child of God. The Spirit a nd Assurance The Book of John encourages believers to understand that they are the true beneficiaries of eternal life. The apostle positions the Holy Spirit at the center of this assurance in 3:24 and 4:13. This understanding also manifests in the Greek text, which emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit in giving believers eternal life. This understanding manifests in the verse 3:24, which says â€Å"And we know by this that He abides in us, by the Spirit which He has given us.†17 Through this scripture, John reveals that Christ abides in his believers and his believers abide in him through the connection that they share through the Holy Spirit. Through this statement, the Holy Spirit plays important roles in a believer’s life. For example, it refers to fellowship with God and asserts the incarnation of Jesus Christ. These two roles lead believers to confide in him and make them have improved confidence in the coming of the judgment day. In this regard, Mills argues th at â€Å"Just as in 3,24 the Spirit is the ultimate source of peace of heart (3,19–24) and the answering of our petitions (3,22), so in 4,13 the same Spirit is the source of our confidence on the day of judgment (4,17) and of the absence of fear.†18 In line with the above statement, the Apostle John says that the Holy Spirit gives believers the assurance that on judgment day, their confidence should not come from their outward profession or freshly generated acts of love and righteousness, but from the Holy Spirit who gives them the power to implement and safeguard these virtues. In this regard, a believer knows that his/her confidence during judgment day will not come from their personal convictions and knowledge of their lives, but from the Holy Spirit. According to Thiselton, of importance is the role of the Holy Spirit in allowing believers to seek fellowship with God.19 This mediation is synonymous with the concept of eternal life. In fact, according to Kostenberg , the concept of the Holy Spirit and assurance refers to this basic idea in two ways.20 The first way is the role of the Holy Spirit in mediating how Jesus abides in the lives of believers and how believers abide in God’s ways. The Holy Spirit is the possession of true believers and sits at the apex of believers’ fellowship with God. The apostle John also confirms this narrative by saying the possession of the Holy Spirit makes believers aware of their union with their father. It also gives them assurance that they are possessors of God’s life and that God will accept them as â€Å"being in Christ.†This sense of awareness is not subjective because it is more inclined with understanding the word of God and its appropriation in the lives of believers. The Spirit and Remaining in the Truth The Apostle John highlights the role of the Holy Spirit in the life of believers by saying it safeguards them against apostasy.21 He says this safeguard occurs under the c oncept of anointing. Other biblical scholars say it emerges with reference to the last hour and the redemption that awaits believers before the last coming of the Messiah.22 The gospel also believes that the last hour coincides with the proliferation of multiple false prophets. These false prophets announce a departure from Christ and his word because John warns us that most of these false prophets would emerge from the church. He also characterizes the activities of these false prophets by denial and deception. Furthermore, he says that they do not have the Holy Spirit, because it would have guided them to â€Å"be of God.† Here, he says that the Holy Spirit likeness believers to God, and without it, there are no bonds of communion between the two parties. Therefore, the false prophets stand in sharp contrast to what John expects of people who have the Holy Spirit. In this regard, the Apostle John teaches us that the Holy Spirit relies on origin, character, and communion whe n helping people to remain in the truth. Again, the apostle differs with the heterics who say Jesus Christ is not the divine Christ by arguing that the Holy Spirit does not possess them and neither do they have the spirit of the father, or the son. Stated differently, they are not possessed with eternal life. The deception of the anti-Christ is set forth in 2:26, which shows how false prophets deceive people by leading them away from the path of the antichrist. With respect to the concept of anointing, biblical scholars have held three main views. One view provides a close relation between the anointing and the Holy Spirit. Here, John tells the believers that the Holy Spirit is the one that would guide them to live in the word of God. In light of this assertion, the anointing role of the Holy Spirit is inescapable. Therefore, it is okay to associate the Holy Spirit with the anointing role. At the same time, it is similarly important to associate the word with the Holy Spirit. The ab iding presence of the anointing helps believers to overcome the unwarranted deception of the gospel as propagated by the antichrists. Comprehensively, when trying to understand the role of the Holy Spirit as an instrument to help Christians remain in truth, it is similarly important to understand the presence of the Holy Spirit under the image of anointing. The anointing serves different purposes in a Christian’s life. First, it shows the role of the Holy Spirit as a teacher. Secondly, it highlights the role of the holy spirit as a protector (protects believers from apostasy) by abiding in them. In this regard, the Holy Spirit allows the believers to know God because it mediates between God and the believers. Similarly, the Holy Spirit helps to invalidate the knowledge conveyed by the false prophets. It helps to do so by providing Christians with true knowledge of God. Therefore, the anointing of the Holy Spirit is essential for all believers. Holy Spirit and Baptism Baptism is often associated with the apostle John.23 In some biblical texts, baptism refers to the death of a believer’s â€Å"old self,† as it signifies rebirth. It is evident that the people who accepted baptism also accepted the Messiah, whom John advanced in his teachings. After baptism, the event would later culminate in baptism by the Holy Spirit. Stated differently, although baptism by water was symbolic, the consummation of the event occurred through the baptism with the Holy Spirit. There is no mistake in this analysis because John declared that he saw the Holy Spirit descend upon him during the baptism. He highlights this event five times in his teachings. Through the same teachings, Christians witness the death of the messiah and the effects that follow his defeat of the death. Conclusion This paper started by showing the ambiguous nature of the role of the holy spirit in a Christian’s life. It showed that, unlike other biblical texts, the role of the Holy Sp irit was unclear in the book of John. This ambiguity has often led some researchers to believe that the gospel of John diminishes the role of the Holy Spirit in a Christian’s life. However, this paper shows that this belief is false because the apostle firmly entrenches the Holy Spirit in the life of Christians and believers alike. To affirm this claim, this paper has shown a connection between the Holy Spirit and Christ. It has also shown that the Holy Spirit is central to the rebirth of Christians (baptism) and in their attempt to live according to the word of God. Stated differently, the Holy Spirit abides in believers). By abiding with the Lord’s word, John also reassures believers that they will enjoy the fruits of eternal life on judgment day. In this regard, he says believers should have confidence in the Holy Spirit that they would reap the fruits of abiding by the word of God. Collectively, these analyses show that the role of the Holy Spirit is clear in the g ospel according to John. Indeed, all excerpts of this paper show that the Holy Spirit is central to the life of the believer. References Bevere, John. The Holy Spirit: An Introduction. New York: Messenger International, 2013. Carson, Donald. The Gospel According to John. Grand Rapids: WM Erdmans, 1990. Kostenberg, Andreas. Encounter John: The Gospel in Historical, Literary and Theological  Perspective. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013. Mills, Donald. â€Å"The Holy Spirit in 1 John.† DBSJ 4, no. 2 (June 1999): 33–50. Nissen, Johannes. The Gospel of John and the Religious Quest: Historical and Contemporary  Perspectives. New York: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013. Thiselton, Anthony. The Holy Spirit In Biblical Teaching, Through the Centuries, and Today. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2013. Footnotes 1 Johannes Nissen, The Gospel of John and the Religious Quest: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (New York: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013), 116-12 0. 2 Anthony Thiselton, The Holy Spirit In Biblical Teaching, Through the Centuries, and Today (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2013), 144-150. 3 Thiselton, The Holy Spirit, 144. 4 John Bevere, The Holy Spirit: An Introduction (New York: Messenger International, 2013) 12-19. 5 Andreas Kostenberg, Encounter John: The Gospel in Historical, Literary and Theological Perspective (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013), 57-65. 6 Kostenberg, Encounter John, 57. 7 Donald Carson, The Gospel According to John (Grand Rapids: WM Erdmans, 1990), 64-65. 8 Kostenberg, Encounter John, 58. 9 Nissen, The Gospel of John, 117. 10 Carson, The Gospel According to John, 65. 11 Carson, The Gospel According to John, 65. 12 Carson, The Gospel According to John, 65. 13 Donald Mills, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in 1 John,† DBSJ 4, no. 2 (June 1999): 33–50. 14 Mills, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in 1 John,† 33. 15 Mills, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in 1 John,† 39. 16 Mills, â€Å"The Holy Spir it in 1 John,† 39. 17 Mills, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in 1 John,† 40. 18 Mills, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in 1 John,† 42. 19 Thiselton, The Holy Spirit, 144. 20 Kostenberg, Encounter John, 58. 21 Kostenberg, Encounter John, 58. 22 Mills, â€Å"The Holy Spirit in 1 John,† 42. 23 Carson, The Gospel According to John, 65.

My Leadership Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Leadership Style - Essay Example Since some employees who will be part of the new environment originally came from the old system and have hence developed relevant skills therein, employing the kind of leadership I have been exhibiting as a manager would help. Old and new employees will adjust to the new system under a merged organization and will be encouraged to share their ideas, competencies, and skills in order for the betterment of the carrying out of tasks and the organization as a whole. This may be undertaken by identifying the key points of the projector dates when feedbacks are needed about progress. Assurance that the delegated task or project is on track is also needed and must be made certain at all times. Since I am able to see the bigger picture from a far perspective, I can hence introduce solutions and innovations, to which teams can function. As a team player, I am able to encourage teams to work skillfully and cooperatively on managing the projects tasked to them. This is undertaken by delegating them the necessary tasks with me functioning as an overseer and coach. It is also a trait of mine to determine in advance how I will thank and reward the staff persons for a successful completion of the task or project delegated to them. One modification of my leadership style in addressing my situation as a leader at EEST/Ouest is incorporating point systems in job implementation through remunerative awards. This would enhance the level of productivity of employees who are challenged by the new EEST/Ouest work environment.

Declaration of Independence- Thomas Jefferson Annotated Bibliography - 1

Declaration of Independence- Thomas Jefferson - Annotated Bibliography Example Constitution (preamble, seven articles, and 27 amendments), as well an updated introduction and explanatory notes by J.W. Peltason, author of Understanding the Constitution and Government by the People.† Historians debate the similarities and differences between â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† and â€Å"The Constitution of the United States of America† and the role of Jefferson in the composition of both. Therefore it is necessary to consult this document to compare and contrast â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† and â€Å"The Constitution of the United States of America†. The is the official U.S. Government version of â€Å"The Declaration of Independence†. Its provenance, authority and reliability are implicit in the source. It is the legally authoritative version of the ratified document. It is also the core document for this research assignment. Therefore, a reputable copy of it is absolutely essential. To understand Jeffersons role in the composition of the â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† it is essential to begin with an authoritative copy of the document. This document is also easily and widely accessible. Oxford University Press is a very reputable academic publishing house affiliated with the esteemed Oxford University in the United Kingdom. The author, R. B. Berstein is an authority on the American Revolutionary era and has published many academic books and peer reviewed journal articles in the area. This book is particularly useful because it covers the founding fathers. Therefore, it assesses Jeffersons role in the period and in the composition of â€Å"The Declaration of Independence†. It also then compares and contrasts his views and role with those of Washington, Adams, Franklin and others. It provides context for Jeffersons views by placing them in the intellectual milieu of the era. It also provides assistance in determining which phrases and paragraphs of â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† were Jeffersons work and which

Famous African American of the 20th Century Research Paper

Famous African American of the 20th Century - Research Paper Example In 1964, he became the youngest person who was given the Nobel Peace Prize for his endless efforts to stop racial discrimination and racial segregation. Slavery exists in the world since centuries. It started in America in 1600s with the African Slave Trade when the Africans were transported from the west coast of Africa to the Americas and were sold to slave traders. These slave traders kept them in horrible conditions and were made to do labor intensive work on coffee, tobacco, tea, sugar plantations. They were beaten, lashed, starved and deprived with even basic necessities of life such as food and shelter. The Bible also permitted slavery as well as the early laws of Babylon which stated that a man can own another man like he owns an animal. In other parts of the world the slaves could belong to any race. However, in America the slaves were blacks. The divide between the blacks and white continued to mature and lead to severe riots, protests, and eventually a civil war. Martin Lu ther King rose in 1955 when he was appointed as minister in Montgomery. His tough believes in achieving civil rights and non violence movements also established him as an opponent to the American participation in the war in Vietnam. He recognized that the finest approach to unshackle African American and to give them their rights could be achieved through non violent protests and demonstrations. Several of his beautiful quotations are examples of his support for non violent protests; â€Å"At the center of non-violence stands the principle of love.† He believed that any kind of violent act from the civil rights workers will show the way to the segregationists for opposing actions which will cause grievance and death for his supporters. Through non violent protests his movement gained recognition and many associates and opened up the way for the passing of Civil Rights Bill in 1964-1965. Moreover, King was determined to spread his message to everyone and gain support from all corners regardless of class and race differences. He wanted the white moderate to awake from their deep sleep of negligence of moral and political values. Also he wanted them to appreciate the fact that desegregation will lead to elimination of social and legal prohibitions. He was also dismayed by the indifferent attitude of the moral people towards this discrimination, because of which people with sick intentions were making progress. His â€Å"Letter from the Birmingham Jail† is an essay which clarifies and gives details of the motives behind the non violent civil disobedience movement and also explains the methods used for this mass movement. King was a man who contributed immensely towards shaping and influencing the lives of Americans during the 1950s and 1960s. In this period of time, Americans did not have the courage to stand up for their rights, project their demands and views and accepted whatever was given to them. Martin Luther King was the beam of light that sho wed them the path to freedom and individuality. For example in 1955 after the Montgomery civil rights movement had started an activist Rosa Parks refused to abide by the law for segregation in public buses. A bus boycott was initiated and

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical Analysis - Essay Example Predatory pricing is one such strategy that is being used by business organizations across the globe. Predatory pricing involves a strategy in which a firm sells its products at lowest possible rates below the offerings of all the competitors so as to grab the market share of the competitors on the basis of competitive pricing (Denger, American Bar Association & Section of Antitrust Law, 1991, p.3-3). This use of this strategy by business organizations to gain market share and take care of the competition in the market has been questioned by numerous authors and various academic and professional circles. The aspect has been so serious that governments across the world have set up competition policies and also appointed watchdogs to supervise and monitor the competitive strategies so as to maintain a healthy competition in the consumer market. Individuals in favour of predatory pricing state that pricing is an integral part of a company’s unique selling proposition and hence fr eedom must be given to ensure fair balance in the market. It is also in coherence with the free market policy that seeks equal opportunity for all and survival of the fittest. Proponents’ however have slammed this move by stating that predatory pricing ultimately does not help customers in the long run but leads to closure of firms that generates unemployment that can have drastic effects on the total economic scenario of a market. The present study would undertake a critical analysis of the aspect of predatory pricing so as to analyse the actual implications and the pros and cons of this increasingly popular business strategy adopted by corporate across the world. Focus The aspect of predatory pricing has been a subject of debate among academic and professional circles. An article by Gundlach & Guiltnan (1998) states that predatory pricing is an unethical aspect that does not being any benefits in the market. They have argued that a marketer indulging in predatory pricing st rategy tends to reduce the price of the product or service in an attempt to maximise its market share by eating away a chunk of the market share of its competitors. Predators however on the achievement of their objectives of either dislodging their competitors or after gaining a significant market share tend to again increase the prices. Ultimately the customers bargaining power gets considerably reduced in the process. The dislodgement of competitors from the market gives a monopolistic power to the predator that is against the rules of competition and ultimately leads to unhealthy market situation. The authors have stated that the predatory pricing as a competitive strategy has been quite unsuccessful in the past and courts have also pronounced verdicts in famous cases like Brooke thus affirming the faith that predatory pricing is perhaps a negative strategy that has no ultimate benefit to any section of the society or the business world (Gundlach & Guiltnan, 1998, p.884). The vie ws of Gundlach & Guiltnan (1998), however have been refuted by authors like Bolton, Brodley & Riordan (No date) as they have stated that predatory pricing is an integral part of a business strategy of an organization and competing on the basis of cost is normally an outcome of a business’s efficiency to provide products at low prices due to certain organizational efficiency. The authors have slammed the views of critiques advocating the court legislations on cases like Brooke where they have pronounced verdic

Reflection on rural externship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on rural externship - Essay Example She then came to the pharmacy for assistance. While observing her, I felt very sympathetic towards her and the pain, discomfort, and the sickly feeling she must be going through. What was good about the experience was that I was able to observe how the pharmacist asked her questions. Our pharmacist was very sympathetic and it helped the patient relax and be more at ease. I was also able to note the right questions to ask a patient with fever – questions which help determine a correct diagnosis for the patient. Fever is a higher than normal body temperature (for most people, higher than 98.6 F or 37 C) and is triggered by an infection or an inflammation (eMedicine Health, 2010). During fevers, the body’s immune response is first triggered by pyrogens (substances which cause fever). These pyrogens often come from outside sources like food, air droplets, water, and similar substances ingested or inhaled. These pyrogens then interact with the existing pyrogens in the body and cause the hypothalamus to increase the temperature set point in the body (eMedicine Health, 2010). As a response to this hypothalamic response, the body begins to shiver and the blood vessels constrict. These symptoms were manifest in the patient. The pharmacist explains to the patient that the patient’s fever may be attributed to a viral or a bacterial infection and further asked the patient pertinent details about her food and water intake. The pharmacist also explained that contact with other people who had the flu, cough, or colds could have triggered her fever. The patient said that her daughter was having flu at the moment. The pharmacist recommended Panadol to be taken every four hours. The pharmacist asked the patient if she had any history of problems with kidney or liver function. She replied in the negative. The pharmacist also asked if she had an allergy to Panadol or to paracetamol in general. She was also asked if she was on a low sodium

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critical Analysis - Essay Example Predatory pricing is one such strategy that is being used by business organizations across the globe. Predatory pricing involves a strategy in which a firm sells its products at lowest possible rates below the offerings of all the competitors so as to grab the market share of the competitors on the basis of competitive pricing (Denger, American Bar Association & Section of Antitrust Law, 1991, p.3-3). This use of this strategy by business organizations to gain market share and take care of the competition in the market has been questioned by numerous authors and various academic and professional circles. The aspect has been so serious that governments across the world have set up competition policies and also appointed watchdogs to supervise and monitor the competitive strategies so as to maintain a healthy competition in the consumer market. Individuals in favour of predatory pricing state that pricing is an integral part of a company’s unique selling proposition and hence fr eedom must be given to ensure fair balance in the market. It is also in coherence with the free market policy that seeks equal opportunity for all and survival of the fittest. Proponents’ however have slammed this move by stating that predatory pricing ultimately does not help customers in the long run but leads to closure of firms that generates unemployment that can have drastic effects on the total economic scenario of a market. The present study would undertake a critical analysis of the aspect of predatory pricing so as to analyse the actual implications and the pros and cons of this increasingly popular business strategy adopted by corporate across the world. Focus The aspect of predatory pricing has been a subject of debate among academic and professional circles. An article by Gundlach & Guiltnan (1998) states that predatory pricing is an unethical aspect that does not being any benefits in the market. They have argued that a marketer indulging in predatory pricing st rategy tends to reduce the price of the product or service in an attempt to maximise its market share by eating away a chunk of the market share of its competitors. Predators however on the achievement of their objectives of either dislodging their competitors or after gaining a significant market share tend to again increase the prices. Ultimately the customers bargaining power gets considerably reduced in the process. The dislodgement of competitors from the market gives a monopolistic power to the predator that is against the rules of competition and ultimately leads to unhealthy market situation. The authors have stated that the predatory pricing as a competitive strategy has been quite unsuccessful in the past and courts have also pronounced verdicts in famous cases like Brooke thus affirming the faith that predatory pricing is perhaps a negative strategy that has no ultimate benefit to any section of the society or the business world (Gundlach & Guiltnan, 1998, p.884). The vie ws of Gundlach & Guiltnan (1998), however have been refuted by authors like Bolton, Brodley & Riordan (No date) as they have stated that predatory pricing is an integral part of a business strategy of an organization and competing on the basis of cost is normally an outcome of a business’s efficiency to provide products at low prices due to certain organizational efficiency. The authors have slammed the views of critiques advocating the court legislations on cases like Brooke where they have pronounced verdic

Locke on the Relationship Between Government and Religion Essay

Locke on the Relationship Between Government and Religion - Essay Example The right to freedom, therefore, implies that the will of others does not bind a person. However, he is also quick to acknowledge the existence of God and believes that "God has given us a moral obligation to adhere to divine laws. These laws are written on every persons hearts" (Galenkamp,2012,p.92). Locke believes that the State has no right to impose any religion on their citizens. He writes that every person has rights such as a right to life, a right to free will and a right to the estate. Thus, the country has no freedom to take away any of those rights from an individual only because the person does not agree to the kind of religion recommended by the State. The society can confront a person when his religion causes chaos to others. "Only when someones religious commitment constitutes a direct threat to the public peace and order, civil authorities may legitimately restrict religious freedoms" (Galenkamp,2012,p.92). Lockes view of toleration is both useful and ethical because it appreciates and embraces differences. It is also useful because, it states that the State has a right to intrude if someones religious belief disrupts peace. It is also ethical in that he believes an individual has the freedom of choice. He also believes in the existence of God, who according to him has deposited the ability to make right or wrong decisions. He believes that God has set the standards for us and in us. A person does not necessarily need the laws to be written somewhere for them to follow. God already deposits them in our hearts. The right following to this promptings will ensure that a persons conduct is safe and does not infringe on others. Such "promptings" are the same ones that ethics applies. As Locke states in his "A Letter Concerning Tolerance", society has a right to say no to some communities whose beliefs tamper with others rights. Any religion that disrupts the peace of a country and causes chaos, killings or havoc should be stopped. For example, a

Too Much Too Soon Essay Example for Free

Too Much Too Soon Essay The scenario is about Sara Patel; she has finished college and is working in a company called Maddison for three years. The first two years she had worked in sales department but now she is working as a sales trainer in the sales and development department. For a while everything was going smooth, all the people in the department liked her and there was an air of openness, until the department started expanding. The first problem that arose was allocation of funds to the different units in her department, employees were complaining about Sarah allocating more resources in her department. Secondly there were problems allocating funds to the local area head of different departments for the purposes to travel across Canada about training needs with managers and supervisors. As the department grew things started to lag behind and foul-ups started to occur; mixed up schedule, late reports and faulty budgets. The staff started complaining about lack of basic resources like pen and pencils to laptops and phones. It was also talked that she was an unqualified trainer as she was fresh out of college and hadn’t work anywhere else. She didn’t open up to new ideas and any suggestions from her staff instead she developed a conflicting relationship with them. Behavioral symptoms The environment at Maddison was one of warmth and openness when Sara started. As the time went by the air was of stress as the staff started battling over the budgets and resources; they were all being centered on Sara’s department. Also her behavior towards the staff changed, she became more direct with them and started telling them what to do, making them feel like kids. Sara’s unnecessary travelling was an example of misuse of departmental funds. The defensive attitude at the lunch meeting with the staff was a physical symptom of the problem. Operational symptoms The inefficiency in distributing the funds to the various departmental heads was the key operational mess-up. The late reports, messed up schedules and errors in the department’s budget every time, occurred as a result of the increased size of the department. Employees also complained about scarcity of basic stuff including pens, laptops and blackberries. She was wasting financial resources of the department on her useless travelling and unnecessary courses. She had five resignations at her desk at the same time from her functional heads that she gave excellent rating without even meeting, and now she has to explain it to the VP of Operations. Main issue A manager is someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities to accomplish organizational goals. The manager should work effectively and efficiently, getting out the highest output with minimal input. Whereas in case of Maddison, Inc. the staff working under Sara complained of shortage of basic stuff like pen, laptops and blackberries. Manger should also have management skills like human, technical and conceptual. Technical skills refer to knowledge of the field in which he/she is working. Sara had no technical skills; she was an unqualified trainer as she was there fresh after university and had not work experience in her field. Human skills are the ability to work well with other people both individually and in a group. It refers to communicate, motivate, lead and inspire the staff. Sara had no human skills as her staff wanted her to step down at the lunch meeting. Conceptual skills involve the mental ability of a person to analyze and generate ideas in complex situation. These skills help managers to see the organization as a whole and understand the relationships among various departments, but Sara on the other hand didn’t look at the company as a unit but instead favored her department and helped it via different means. Planning and organizing are essential characteristics of a manager but Sara was unable to exhibit neither of those. She could neither plan nor organize her department due to which there were issues like messed up schedules and late reports. She couldn’t even organize the budgets because of which there were many arguments.

Management Information System At Starbucks Management Essay

Management Information System At Starbucks Management Essay This is the age of information where every day brings countless new innovations and changes. Daily lots of new data comes to managers, which needs to be converted into meaningful information in order to derive conclusions to support effective decision making to accomplish organizational objectives. Today due to its increasing importance information is considered as business asset as significant as human resource or machinery. It has become life blood for modern organizations. Before the development of computer systems it was very difficult for the organizations to collect, conserve, organize and disseminate the large amount of important information and data. Todays managers are in better position to acquire needed information at right time due to the developments and widespread of computer technologies. Due to rapid changes in surroundings the information needed for the business should be current and available to the right persons at right times. So the information provided to decision makers must be correct, on time, comprehensive, storable and in well presented in order to get optimum results from it. Thats why the dependence of organizations on information technologies is increasing day by day but information technologies cannot produce results itself it needs to be efficiently and effectively used to derive optimum results. So the mechanism used to ensure the availability of needed information to managers in right time and right form is called informa tion system. It helps the decision making process by providing relevant information (Stephen B. Harsh, 2005). Purpose of the Study: This paper examines the application of integrated management information system and benefits derived by Starbucks on Bank Street near Jubilee Palace in London, UK. Particular objectives of this paper are to: Document the information system used in Starbucks, Jubilee Palace. Identify the uses of information system at all managerial levels of organization. Identify the role of information system in providing the required information. Identify the uses of information system as an effective tool to implement management policies efficiently. Identify the benefits derived by the organization by effectively using information systems. Understand the issues regarding the implementation of the information system. Recommend what is needed to increase the efficiency of the system. MIS and its Functions with critical evaluation of Starbucks, Jubilee Palace: Before discussing the functions of management information system in Starbucks, Jubilee Palace, the understanding of management information system and its related concepts are significant to provide strong base for the study. Technology: The term technology is used to refer the modern machines and tools developed by human beings to support their processes and increase their understanding and control of material environment. Its literal meaning is study of crafting. Information Technology: The tools used to enhance the capabilities of human to collect, organize, preserve and disseminate the valuable information is called information technology. Information technology helps managers to effectively perform their managerial functions to control, administrate and to make effective decisions to achieve organizational objectives. Information technology is not a narrow term it covers all software and hardware used by organizations to collect, organize, preserve and disseminate the required information to needed persons. The information technologies available at Starbucks, Jubilee Palace to support its smooth flow of information are; high speed internet facilities, the network connection of each store on main server located in company head office in United States, Network tools, hardware for storage of data and they have also developed multi-storage system to conserve their useful data. Data Vs Information: Most of the time information and data are considered same things, two words for same meaning, but in fact they are two different terms for two different things. Data are unanalyzed, raw facts and numbers regarding some event but in contrast information is obtained by analyzing and organizing the data in meaningful form. The types of data available at Starbucks, Jubilee Palace, are customer responses, employees information, product information regarding its sales and development, accounting data and data related to operational matters of business. Information strategy: Information strategy or information technology strategy of the organization determines its requirements for variety of information system applications and development of overall systems of organization. Information technology strategy ensures the fulfillment of organizational requirement for information systems (Barnatt, 1994). The information strategy of Starbucks is linked with the overall organizational strategy for success. Starbucks recognizes the significance of information in modern era for the survival of organization so it has developed a strong information system to ensure its competitiveness in the rapidly changing and diverse era. Management Information system: First of all the concept of management information system was used by the U.S. Navy in their report to use computers to manage their resources. After that many researchers defined it according to its scope. Bee and Bee, 1999 defines it as system used to collet the data from external and internal sources and transforms it in to meaningful information and disseminates that in right form to managers working at all three levels of the organization to support the decision making process for better administration and control (Effy Oz, 2008). Functions of management information system with critical evaluation of Starbucks, Jubilee Palace: The goal of any well integrated management information system is to produce optimum results from information gathered by performing following basic functions in an organization: Provide Information in various departments: Management information system is a mechanism used to transform the data into meaningful information and make it available to all concerned people working in any department or at any level of the organization (Lucey, 1997). At Starbucks different types of information are needed for different departments to take effective decisions for organizational success. To make the information available to any department or any level Starbucks has developed a corporate web portal. It is divided into two ways of access. One is Store portal that is used by employees working in retail stores to enter and obtain information and the other is partner portal that is used by employees working in fields and corporate locations. In 2003 this system was implemented and now it has become a primary tool to disseminate information at different organizational level. The paper based correspondence has been replaced by this modern mean. This system has helped a lot to employees to access latest updates and news about the company, creates and access different analysis reports about the business, made available the training materials and made the research results more comprehensive. Company has developed a well organized Transaction processing system that collects the data and stores it in the multilevel data storage facility of the organization. In following figure TPS shows how data transfer from different layers and store in database. Source: (Imran Ali, 2008). The first layer is graphical interface and has clients computers. At this point staff responsible to collect the information enters the data into the dynamic information management system of Starbucks. Then in application layer application servers work on the data and in last layer it is stored in central database of the company. The uses of that system made it easy for the company to utilize its capabilities. Its working is ensured by three components in first application programs that limit the boundaries of the transactions and make that information available to the concerned department by controlling operation performed on that data. Then resource manager gives the access to the information to use in different departments and transaction manager is liable to complete the transactions (Imran Ali, 2008). Facilitate decision making at all levels of organization: Management information system enables the management to perform effectively its functions to organize, co-ordinate and control. It ensures the timely availability of information not only for strategic planning but also to run the day to day operations of the business. Different levels of management need different types of information in different formats. Three levels of organizations management operational, tactical and strategic need different information for their decisions that can be. Operational Information: Detailed information on weekly or day to day basis, more internal, historical in nature, quantitative, high accuracy and having narrow scope. Tactical information: This is level information is gathered from external and internal both types of sources concerning future and current performance of the organization. It requires information in summarized form like information on sales, products, profits and investments. Strategic information: Most of the information required at this level is from external sources like information about the current economic conditions, working of competitors and technological developments. Mostly it is qualitative in nature, for future planning, incomplete, covers wide range, exactness is not important as for other levels and it is very important for the organization. Effective decision making is very much important for the survival of an organization but it is not possible in the absence of right kind of information. The effectiveness of decisions is depends upon the quality of information on which they based. The needs of information at different levels of management should be catered when designing the management information system of the organization. SharePoint Server by Microsoft Office has increased the capabilities of Starbucks greatly by ensuring the availability of required information at all levels of organization (Dux Raymond Sy, 2008). It has two types of interface one is partner portal is accessible by management working at top levels and middle level of the organization it provides more the general, qualitative nature of information to support the strategic planning and tactic level decisions. It works on Decision support system for middle level management and top management and takes information from transaction process system. The other tool used is Executive support system used by top level management to take strategic level decisions that have great significance for the organization. Efficient Mean for managing business processes: In order to run the business processes efficiently the primary need is to have quick and correct information, because by only having quick information the more effective decision making can be possible for the business. The information system plays key role in the controlling function of management and by having effective control the efficiency of processes will increase. Timely information can result in right investments and right investments will result in increased profitability for business. Timely accounts can be prepared by efficient management information system. By using Executive support system top level management can have strict control over all levels of organization. SharePoint Server by Microsoft Office has increased the functional capabilities of Starbucks. Workflow functionality of business documents has enabled the Starbucks to adopt the application of event cycle and request due to that Store employees have obtained a centralized access to the companys key information, web links of different vendors of the company (Dux Raymond Sy, 2008). Through this the efficiency is also increased in management of Sales process and inventory control system. Privacy control of the system is also very well as it helps a lot to the company to properly manage and secure the information gathered from employees as well as customers of the company. Advance search options have enabled the organizations employees to search different documents from different libraries at a same time by area of interest, document type and its contents. This increased the efficiency of the system as well. The total information management system has raised the capabilities of Starbucks and moreover effective communication between management and employees has increased the efficiencies of the company processes. Analysis: Major benefits derived by Starbucks, Jubilee Palace, from information management system. Starbucks is the leading Coffee providing company in the world. They have implemented Microsoft SharePoint Server system to manage their information effectively. It has provided them so many benefits by implementing information management system. Core Competencies: Every company that leads on its competitors has some core competencies that give them advantage over their competitors. The information system used by Starbucks has provided it a clear advantage on its competitors and no other coffee retailer has such a dynamic information management system. It has enabled the company to have better and deep understanding of the market by regularly maintaining the customer data and also the understanding of the organization itself. Enhanced supply chain management system: The reporting system of the company is improved by this information system that has improved the production process. Better information about production process has enhanced the supply chain management capability of the company from sourcing the raw materials to production process and then distribution process at each level improvement are brought by information. Multilevel Storage system: In order to save and ensure the maximum security of data Starbucks has outsourced the storage facility of data to data warehouse. This has not only saved the costs of Starbucks for preservation of data but also ensures the protection of it in all circumstances. Quick Responses: Now with highly efficient system of information, Starbucks is in position to react more quickly towards the market changes. It has enabled the company to have more efficient system more reactive to environment. It has also increased its competitiveness. Digital Dashboards: A very modern technology that is used by Starbucks to help the strategic level decision making process is digital dashboard. In this Key performance Indicator (KPI) application is used by the top management that provides it information about the key performance of the organization. It shows the performance by showing it on a digital dashboard that shows progress of the organization towards organizational goals (Dux Raymond Sy, 2008). Stability: It has increased the capacity and store growth by providing effective tools for reporting and monitoring the system by ensuring stability of functions. Employees efficiency: Efficiency of employees is increased greatly due to the availability of easy to use portal and easy access to the required information for the operations. Enhanced tools of privacy and document management has increased the data security and raised the functionality. Overall Objectives: By using this system the employees are in position to align the store objectives with overall organizational objectives and can generate more quick reports and do analysis. Challenges to the system Although information technology developments have brought many improvements in the functioning of organization but just implementation of new technologies do not improve the organizational performance many other factors also contribute towards the overall organizational performance. Starbucks although has implemented a very dynamic information management system but on other hands a kind of insecurity prevails in employees of the store. They have kind of fear to adopt new technologies and modern information management system. At one side if modern system of information management has made the access to information easy on other hand the employment has also been affected by this sophisticated system as it requires more skilled and trained staff. The significance of skilled and motivated workers has increased greatly and increased the costs to train the manpower. In order to effectively implement this modern information technology system Starbucks not only needs more investments in physical assets and technologies but it will also have to make investments on managing close relationships with all stakeholders. Recommendations: After having a brief analysis of Starbucks, Jubilee Palace system of information management now we are in position to recommend many improvements to the system that can raise its efficiency: The current management information system is very rigid and dont offer facility to add extra features with rapidly changing environment and technological developments. It should be flexible enough to add more evaluation and data analysis tools in future. It should be supportive to employees knowledge and skills. More training and learning facilities should be provided to employees to become familiar with the modern system. New system is raising a sense of insecurity and a king of fear in employees. It should be taken seriously and motivational workshops should be conducted to reduce these non friendly elements. They should be provided opportunities to communicate with other employees in the organization. The switching process from one application to other applications takes a lot of time in current system of Starbucks it should be reduced and also managers should not be overloaded with work. Another big issue with the information system of Starbucks is that it is totally based on web based technologies. If a company claims to have a competent website, it does not mean it actually does have. So the proper physical record system should be there mean in case of inefficiency or breakdown of this system its substitute should be available. Funding should be provided to the project without any disturbance because implementation of information system for such a huge organization needs a lot of resources. Although the profits of Starbucks have been decreased in last two years since 2008 but when it will successfully upgrade the management information system it will reduce its cost greatly as in simple its need to have central servers will reduce to half from 52 to 20. This will enable the company to not only save the infrastructural costs but also to reduce many other complimentary costs. Like requirement of system managers and system care staff will reduce to half. Conclusion: The information system used by the Starbucks is one of its important resources that provide it a clear advantage on its competitors. Starbucks is spending huge amounts of money on the development of this system and now it is one of its core capabilities. The effective use of information technologies is considered as major determinant of future success of organizations. The effective use of management information system has greatly improved the functional capabilities of the Starbucks and raised the decision making capabilities of organization as well. Adriana Harizanova, (2003), Management Information System, Academic Open Internet Journal, Volume 9 Bee, R., Bee, F., (1999). Managing Information and Statistic. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press. Barnatt, Chr., (1994). The computers in Business Blueprints, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford. David Boddy,  Albert Boonstra,  Graham Kennedy, (2005), Managing information systems, Prentice Hall, 157-163 Dux Raymond Sy, (2008). SharePoint Empowerment: Making Document Management and Organizational Collaboration Easier, Learning Tree International, Washington Effy Oz, (2008), Management Information Systems, strategic uses of information system, 39. House, William C. (1983). Decision Support Systems A Data-Based, Model-Oriented User-Developed Discipline. Petrocelli Books, Inc. New York, NY. Imran Ali, (2008) Starbucks Reduces Costs and Prepares for Growth with Server Upgrade, Customer Solution Case Study, Microsoft Corporation, USA James Edward McClellan, Harold Dorn, (2006), Science and technology in world history, 155. J. Heizer and B. Render, (2008), Case Studies on Productivity Improvement, Starbucks, modified from Operations Management, Lucey, T., (1997). Management Information Systems. London. MAIER R and LEHNER F (2000) Perspectives on knowledge management systemsFtheoretical framework and design of an empirical study. In Proceedings of ECIS 2000, pp 685-693, Vienna, Austria. Mcleod, (2008), Management Information Systems, 10/e, 34-52. Papows, J., (1998). Enterprise.com: Market Leadership in Information Age. Nicholas Brealey Publishing, London Ralph Sanders, (1999), the executive decisionmaking process:  identifying problems and assessing outcomes, 46 Starbucks, W. (2006). The production of knowledge: The challenge of socials science research. Oxford University press, Oxford. Stephen B. Harsh, (2005), MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University

D. H. Lawrences You Touched Me and Nietzches The Use and Abuse of His

Compare Happiness and Life Between D. H. Lawrence's You Touched Me and Friedrich Nietzche's The Use and Abuse of History Taken From The Twilight Of the Idols INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this paper, I won't stick to only one topic. I will compare different topics, such as happiness and life between two romantic writers, D. H. Lawrence and Friedrich Nietzsche from D. H. Lawrence's You touched me and Friedrich Nietzche's The use and abuse of history taken from The twilight of the Idols. I will start talking about life and happiness by giving my own little definition of each of these two terms. LIFE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life: one word, many meanings. Life: one word, one precious thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We see life in a total different way by the two writers. Life, in D. H. Lawrence's You touched me, is one, short and precious thing. We see life through the eyes of a dying father and his two daughters, who loves their father a lot and an adopted son enrolled in the army. The father continuously fights his disease, battling to stay alive. We see life as a fragile, vulnerable thing. It can also vanish unexpectedly. What I mean by "life can also vanish unexpectedly" is that you never know when something terrible could happen to you and see it taken away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friedrich Nietzshe explains us a lot more his perception of life. Unfortunately, I didn't understand most of the things he meant, but I will explain what I think I understood. Nietzshe describes life with the help of a man and a bea...

Western Influence on Japan Essay -- Japan and the West, The Meiji Rest

The new Meiji Period was the starting point for Japan’s isolation from foreign countries. During the end of Edo period, Matthew C. Perry came to Japan and established the Nichi-Bei Washin Joyaku, the Japan-US Treaty of Amity and Friendship, allowing Japan to be fully open to the United States of America. Soon after, foreign officials from other countries came to Japan to make similar friendship treaties, changing Japan to be one of the global nations. From the treaty, Foreigners started to build homes and live in one of the ports opened to them, creating cultural influence on the people who had never seen foreigners. Through the opening of Japan during the Meiji Period, Westerners were able to enter and create a positive influence on Japan. With emerging Western culture, Japanese foods expanded to accommodate the use of meat to fit the preference of Japanese. New industrial technology from America and Europe provided the base of Japan’s technology, leading to today’s modern and developed country with the continuous improvement. With major changes in Japanese diet and technology from emerging Western culture, Japan gained social and economic benefits, allowing the country to be the great powerhouse it is today. During the Meiji restoration, selected members of Japanese were dispatched to the United States and Europe to learn about Western laws and cultures. Western cuisine was one of the practices they achieved throughout the tour. During the visit, what astonished the Japanese was a significant height difference compared to American and European. Japanese were typically small because the traditional Japanese food culture based on fish didn’t provide enough nutrients like meat essential for healthier physical growth. Aft... ...GING PERCEPTIONS OF BEEF IN THE MAKING OF MODERN. Rep. no. Volume V 2009. The Australian National University, 2009. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. . Onishi, Norimitsu. "Spaghetti Stir-fry and Hambagoo: Japan Looks West." Nytimes.com. The New York Times, 26 Mar. 2008. Web. . Weinstein, Andrew. "Japan's Auto Industry ." About JAMA. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2012. . Yamasa. "Things Japanese - "A History of Japanese Cuisine"" Yamasa.org. The Yamasa Institute. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. . Yasuo, Wakuda. "Improvement of Urban Railways." (1997): n. page. Web. 13 May. 2012. .

Amino Acid Chromatography

In this experiment paper chromatography was used in order to identify two unknown amino acids using eight known amino ones. The two unknown ones were identified by comparing the distance they travelled up the chromatography paper and their Rf values to the corresponding values of the other eight known amino acids. The unknown amino acids identified were Glycine and Methionine. Introduction Proteins in cells are important in many ways. There are different types of proteins such as contractile proteins, enzymes, hormonal proteins, structural proteins and transport proteins. They are vital to regular cell functioning.Proteins are made up of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds. When fewer than 50 amino acids are joined together, a polypeptide is formed. All proteins have two groups in common. They have a carboxylic group and an amino group. There are 20 types of amino acids that bond together in different combinations to perform different functions. The primary structur e of proteins is the order and number of amino acids. Secondary, tertiary and quarternary structures are formed from chains of peptides that are folded into sheets, ribbons and coils so that they form a 3D shape and are more stable.Different weights of amino acid make them differ in polarity. This characteristic enables the separation of proteins by polarity using chromatography. Paper chromatography is an example of a chromatography technique called absorption chromatography. The paper is the adsorbent, which will bind the components of the mixture. The substance will be â€Å"spotted† onto the chromatography paper and put into a beaker filled with solvent. The solvent will then flow through the paper. The solvent chosen depends highly on its polarity as this will be the characteristic that will separate the different substances.Petroleum, ether, hexanes, cyclohexanes and toluene are some examples of solvents with different polarities as well as increasing polarities. In som e cases, mixtures of solvents are made to reach a certain polarity. If substances that are needed to be separated are polar, then the solvent must be slightly less polar. Non-polar substances need a polar solvent to be separated. The solvent travels faster than the samples. The Rf value is the ratio of the distance traveled by the sample and the distance travelled by the sample.Rf = distance travelled by amino acid sample from the origin in mm distance travelled by the solvent from the origin in mm Factors affecting how far the amino acids travel depend on how high the solvent is allowed to rise on the paper, the type of absorbent, the type of concentration of the solvent, temperature and the distance of the origin from the solvent. One type of test to detect proteins is the Ninhydrin test. This test makes the amino acids spots visible. Ninhydrin is a pale yellow solid and it reacts with the amino group in the amino acids and proteins and produces a purple product.Heat must be used in order to speed up the reaction. Objective The objective of this experiment was to spot various amino acids and an unknown mixture on chromatography paper and run it with a chromatography solvent. The lab period following included treating the samples with Ninhydrin solution and heating it so that the amino acids could be visible. The distance of the samples were then measured in mm from the origin. The measurements were then used to calculate the Rf values for each sample and thus the unknown sample could be identified. Materials Alanine, 1% Solution Arginine, 1% SolutionAsparagine, 1% Solution Aspartic acid, 1% Solution Glycine, 1% Solution Lysine, 1% Solution Methionine, 1% Solution Tyrosine, 1% Solution Unknown, 1% Solution Chromatography Solvent, 20mL Ninhydrin solution, 2%, 10mL Beaker, 600mL Chromatography paper, 20X10 cm Graduated Cylinder, 25-mL Heat source, drying over or hot plate Microtip pipets, 9 Pencil Ruler Spray bottle Stapler Watch glass or aluminum foil Procedur e 1. On a 20cm wide by 10 cm high piece of chromatography paper, a pencil was used to draw a straight line (about 1 cm) from the bottom of the paper from the left to the right side 2.Nine pencil dots were placed 2cm apart on the line 3. The name of each amino acid was written under each dot in pencil. 20 mL of chromatography solvent was then added to the 600-mL beaker 4. A micropipette was used to obtain a small amount of the first amino acid 5. The tip of the pipette was placed above the chromatography paper directly above the pencil dot and a spot of the amino acid was dropped on the dot 6. Steps 4 and 5 were repeated for the eight amino acid solutions 7. With the sample side facing outwards the chromatography paper was turned into a cylinder and the top and bottom edges of the paper were stapled. .The paper cylinder was then placed into a beaker with the chromatography solvent. 9. The beaker was then covered with a watch glass 10. The samples were then allowed to run till the sol vent level was about 1 cm from the top of the paper. 11. The chromatography paper was then removed from the beaker. The solvent height was then marked with a pencil line and the staples were removed 12. The chromatography paper was then left to dry During the following lab 13. The chromatography paper was sprayed with a spray bottle containing 10mL of 2 % Ninhydrin solution 14.The chromatography paper was left to dry for 10-20 minutes 15. The paper was then put in a drying oven or held 10 cm above a hot plate to heat so that the color could develop 16. A dot was placed with a pencil at the centermost point of each amino acid 17. The distance in mm of the solvent traveled from the pencil line till the where the solved stopped traveling was measured. 18. The distance in mm from the origin till where each amino acid traveled was measured 19. The Rf value for each amino acid was calculated ResultsTable 1: Distance and Rf values of the amino acids and unknowns Amino Distance(mm)452427223 015574235/60 Rf Value0. 50. 270. 30. 240. 330. 170. 630. 470. 39/0. 67 The distance traveled by the solvent from the pencil line drawn was 90mm. The unknown samples were found to be Glycine and Methionine by comparing their Rf and distances values to those amino acids with Rf and distance values that were calculated. Discussion Paper Chromatography is used to separate a mixture of compounds into its components.Pens and markers are not used as their ink will be separated too. Instead, pencils are utilized as they are made from graphite which does not separate. Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without any help from external forces. This flow is against gravity as well. This happens because of the intermolecular attractive forces between the liquid and the solid surrounding surfaces. Surface tension and adhesive forces between the liquid and solid also help the liquid rise through the solid.The Rf value is defined as the ratio of the distance travell ed by the amino acid sample from the origin to the distance travelled by the solvent. The ratios, therefore, stay the same regardless of the solvent used. Ninhydrin is used in paper chromatography to identify amino acids. Ninhydrin solution turns the amino acid fingerprints to the color purple, therefore making them visible. For this reason we take care when touching the chromatography paper. The least polar amino acid was alanine as the distance it moved up the paper was the least.